O que é Geolocalização?

$ curl "https://api.ip2location.io/?key={YOUR_API_KEY}&ip=44.200.112.172"

{
    "ip": "44.200.112.172",
    "country_code": "US",
    "country_name": "United States of America",
    "region_name": "Virginia",
    "city_name": "Ashburn",
    "latitude": 39.039474,
    "longitude": -77.491809,
    "zip_code": "20146",
    "time_zone": "-04:00",
    "asn": "14618",
    "as": "Amazon.com Inc.",
    "isp": "Amazon Data Services NoVa",
    "domain": "amazon.com",
    "net_speed": "T1",
    "idd_code": "1",
    "area_code": "703",
    "weather_station_code": "USVA0027",
    "weather_station_name": "Ashburn",
    "mcc": "-",
    "mnc": "-",
    "mobile_brand": "-",
    "elevation": 83,
    "usage_type": "DCH",
    "address_type": "Unicast",
    "continent": {
        "name": "North America",
        "code": "NA",
        "hemisphere": [
            "north",
            "west"
        ],
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "district": "Loudoun County",
    "country": {
        "name": "United States of America",
        "alpha3_code": "USA",
        "numeric_code": 840,
        "demonym": "Americans",
        "flag": "https:\/\/cdn.ip2location.io\/assets\/img\/flags\/us.png",
        "capital": "Washington, D.C.",
        "total_area": 9826675,
        "population": 331002651,
        "currency": {
            "code": "USD",
            "name": "United States Dollar",
            "symbol": "$"
        },
        "language": {
            "code": "EN",
            "name": "English"
        },
        "tld": "us",
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "region": {
        "name": "Virginia",
        "code": "US-VA",
        "translation": {
            "lang": "",
            "value": ""
        }
    },
    "city": {
        "name": "Ashburn",
        "translation": {
            "lang": null,
            "value": null
        }
    },
    "time_zone_info": {
        "olson": "America\/New_York",
        "current_time": "2023-06-06T02:18:45-04:00",
        "gmt_offset": -14400,
        "is_dst": true,
        "sunrise": "05:44",
        "sunset": "20:32"
    },
    "geotargeting": {
        "metro": "511"
    },
    "ads_category": "IAB19-11",
    "ads_category_name": "Data Centers",
    "is_proxy": false,
    "proxy": {
        "last_seen": 1,
        "proxy_type": "DCH",
        "threat": "SCANNER",
        "provider": "-"
    }
}